壓路機在瀝青等路面施工中的應用條件
文章來源：xfallkids.net.cn
發布時間：2017/9/23 10:45:56
摘要：在(zai)瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土道路(lu)(lu)施(shi)工中(zhong),對瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土必(bi)須(xu)進行壓(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi),其(qi)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是提(ti)高瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土混(hun)合料的(de)(de)(de)(de)強度(du)、穩定性以(yi)及抗疲勞(lao)特性。所以(yi)壓(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞(huai)直(zhi)接影(ying)響(xiang)到瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)整度(du)、密實(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)。良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)質(zhi)量最終要通過碾壓(ya)(ya)來實(shi)(shi)(shi)現,因此必(bi)須(xu)重(zhong)視壓(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)工作(zuo),深(shen)入研究壓(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制技術。本(ben)文對瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)壓(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)因素(su)進行分析，并對壓(ya)(ya)路(lu)(lu)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)確使(shi)用(yong)和操作(zuo)控制進行了詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)闡述，為瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)壓(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)供理想的(de)(de)(de)(de)碾壓(ya)(ya)方法;可供同行在(zai)瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)壓(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現場施(shi)工參考。
關鍵(jian)詞:瀝青路面;壓實；壓路機(ji)；操作(zuo)控制(zhi)；碾壓
1前言
瀝青(qing)(qing)混凝土(tu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實質(zhi)量的(de)(de)好壞(huai),將直(zhi)接影響(xiang)瀝青(qing)(qing)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面的(de)(de)平整度(du)和(he)(he)(he)密實度(du)。如何在較少配置壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)(lu)(lu)機的(de)(de)情(qing)況下,較經(jing)濟和(he)(he)(he)高(gao)質(zhi)量地(di)保證(zheng)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實質(zhi)量,是(shi)每(mei)一(yi)(yi)個公路(lu)(lu)(lu)施工(gong)(gong)技術人員必須關注(zhu)的(de)(de)問題。瀝青(qing)(qing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實是(shi)瀝青(qing)(qing)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)最后一(yi)(yi)道施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序，也是(shi)最為重(zhong)要的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個環節(jie)，它(ta)將直(zhi)接影響(xiang)到瀝青(qing)(qing)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面的(de)(de)最終平整度(du)和(he)(he)(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實度(du)，尤其是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實度(du)。實踐證(zheng)明，瀝青(qing)(qing)混凝土(tu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實度(du)每(mei)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)1%，路(lu)(lu)(lu)面的(de)(de)承載能力和(he)(he)(he)使用(yong)壽命可提(ti)(ti)高(gao)10%-15%。由(you)此可見，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實度(du)對提(ti)(ti)高(gao)瀝青(qing)(qing)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面路(lu)(lu)(lu)用(yong)性能具(ju)有十分重(zhong)要的(de)(de)作用(yong)。
影響瀝青路面壓(ya)實度(du)的(de)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素很多，包括：材(cai)料(liao)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素、環(huan)境因(yin)(yin)(yin)素、施工(gong)控制因(yin)(yin)(yin)素，還有本篇下面要(yao)重點闡述的(de)機器因(yin)(yin)(yin)素。也就是如何(he)正確的(de)使用(yong)和操(cao)作控制好(hao)壓(ya)路機。
2壓路機的正(zheng)確使用和操(cao)作控制
2.1壓路機的選型
壓(ya)(ya)路(lu)(lu)機的選型對(dui)(dui)瀝青路(lu)(lu)面的壓(ya)(ya)實效果具有不可忽視(shi)的作用。目(mu)前(qian)用于(yu)瀝青壓(ya)(ya)實的壓(ya)(ya)路(lu)(lu)機種(zhong)類(lei)很多(duo)，生產廠家也(ye)特別多(duo)。壓(ya)(ya)路(lu)(lu)機的選擇受工程類(lei)型、規模(mo)及(ji)當(dang)地人對(dui)(dui)品牌的喜(xi)好等多(duo)種(zhong)因素的影響(xiang)。
一般情況下(xia)(xia)，常選擇以(yi)下(xia)(xia)三種類型(xing)壓路(lu)(lu)(lu)機(ji)(ji)進(jin)行組(zu)合，來完成瀝青路(lu)(lu)(lu)面壓實。靜作(zuo)用力鋼輪壓路(lu)(lu)(lu)機(ji)(ji)、輪胎壓路(lu)(lu)(lu)機(ji)(ji)和(he)振動壓路(lu)(lu)(lu)機(ji)(ji)。
2.1.1靜作用力鋼輪壓(ya)路機
靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)作用(yong)力(li)鋼(gang)輪(lun)(lun)壓(ya)路(lu)(lu)(lu)機一般(ban)選(xuan)用(yong)為(wei)筒(tong)式(shi)雙鋼(gang)輪(lun)(lun)，有輕型(xing)（5t-8t）、中型(xing)（8t-10t）、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)（10t-15t）和超重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)（15t以上(shang)），主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)依靠機器靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)實(shi)。一般(ban)，輕型(xing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)力(li)壓(ya)路(lu)(lu)(lu)機用(yong)于(yu)瀝青(qing)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面碾(nian)壓(ya)的(de)初壓(ya)階段穩定攤鋪層，中、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)力(li)壓(ya)路(lu)(lu)(lu)機用(yong)于(yu)終(zhong)壓(ya)階段起到消(xiao)除輪(lun)(lun)跡(ji)的(de)作用(yong)，超重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)力(li)壓(ya)路(lu)(lu)(lu)機則(ze)用(yong)于(yu)壓(ya)實(shi)土方居多；輪(lun)(lun)胎壓(ya)路(lu)(lu)(lu)機通(tong)常由(you)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)兩排（雙膠(jiao)輪(lun)(lun)）共計(ji)7-11個光面橡(xiang)膠(jiao)輪(lun)(lun)胎組成，有前(qian)(qian)3后(hou)4、前(qian)(qian)4后(hou)5及前(qian)(qian)5后(hou)6等多種型(xing)號。其(qi)壓(ya)實(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)依靠機器靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和輪(lun)(lun)胎壓(ya)力(li)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量在6t～20t，還可(ke)以根(gen)據壓(ya)實(shi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)增減配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達到壓(ya)實(shi)效(xiao)果。
2.1.2輪胎壓路機
輪胎(tai)壓(ya)路機還可用(yong)于(yu)終(zhong)壓(ya)階段(duan)(duan)，利用(yong)輪胎(tai)的揉(rou)搓力(li)消除輪跡、裂縫，密(mi)封表面。輪胎(tai)壓(ya)路機用(yong)于(yu)終(zhong)壓(ya)階段(duan)(duan)時，總重量(liang)可適(shi)當減輕。
2.1.3振(zhen)動壓路機
振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)機(ji)多(duo)由筒式兩鋼輪組(zu)成(cheng)，有輕型(xing)(xing)（0.5t-3t）、中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)（3t-8t）、重型(xing)(xing)（8t-12t）各個型(xing)(xing)號(hao)。它包括了靜載荷(he)和(he)(he)動(dong)(dong)載荷(he)，動(dong)(dong)載荷(he)（振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)）可(ke)極大降(jiang)低物(wu)料(liao)的(de)內聚力，使用相對較小的(de)靜線(xian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力就能(neng)達到很好的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)實效果。振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)機(ji)可(ke)用于壓(ya)(ya)(ya)實過程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)初(chu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、復壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（主壓(ya)(ya)(ya)）和(he)(he)終壓(ya)(ya)(ya)三個階段。在復壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（主壓(ya)(ya)(ya)）分階段中(zhong)(zhong)，一般選(xuan)用中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)或(huo)重型(xing)(xing)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)機(ji)的(de)動(dong)(dong)載荷(he)（即打開振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)）來完成(cheng)，它能(neng)達到最終的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)實度要(yao)求。如果用于初(chu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)階段，則選(xuan)用輕型(xing)(xing)或(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)機(ji)的(de)靜載荷(he)（即關(guan)閉(bi)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)）來完成(cheng)。若是(shi)用于終壓(ya)(ya)(ya)階段，與初(chu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)階段基(ji)本相同，常采(cai)用中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)機(ji)的(de)靜載荷(he)（即關(guan)閉(bi)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)）來完成(cheng)的(de)。
2.1.4壓路機品牌的選擇
都由用戶自由選擇(ze)。用戶可以選擇(ze)一些(xie)國內外技術比較成熟知名(ming)品牌。
2.2壓路機的技術(shu)參(can)數設定(ding)
  壓(ya)路機技術(shu)參數(shu)(shu)的(de)設定也將會直接影(ying)響到瀝青路面的(de)壓(ya)實效果。靜作(zuo)用(yong)力壓(ya)路機選型以后一般無技術(shu)參數(shu)(shu)需設定；
  2.2.1輪(lun)胎(tai)壓(ya)路機的技術參(can)數設定(ding)
主(zhu)要是設(she)定輪胎氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和選擇配(pei)重(zhong)。輪胎壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路機的充(chong)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)在(zai)(zai)0.4MPa-0.75MPa,在(zai)(zai)正常壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實過程中一般(ban)(ban)保證在(zai)(zai)冷態下(xia)(xia)不(bu)低于0.55Mpa,正常碾壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)溫(wen)度(du)時不(bu)低于0.6MPa。氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過高，輪胎的揉搓力(li)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)起不(bu)到(dao)很(hen)好的密封表面(mian)作用，同時更容(rong)易造成混(hun)(hun)合(he)料的推(tui)移。氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過低，則其線壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)又下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，不(bu)利于壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實效果。另外，還要保證各個(ge)輪胎的氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等。配(pei)重(zhong)的設(she)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)一般(ban)(ban)情況下(xia)(xia)，輪胎壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路機如果用于復壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（主(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)）階段，應保證總(zong)重(zhong)量≮15t，若碾壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)6cm以上厚層(ceng)瀝(li)青混(hun)(hun)合(he)料，總(zong)質量≮22t。也可以以每個(ge)輪胎承受壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)≮15KN作為(wei)參考來設(she)定總(zong)重(zhong)量。
 2.2.2振動壓(ya)路機在選型以后可設(she)(she)定的技術參(can)數(shu)設(she)(she)定
主(zhu)要(yao)是振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅和(he)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)。目前,絕(jue)大部分(fen)壓路機(ji)(ji)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅和(he)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)是不可(ke)以(yi)隨(sui)意調(diao)整的(de)，只(zhi)有(you)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅可(ke)以(yi)高低(di)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)兩級選擇(ze)。隨(sui)著科技發(fa)展(zhan)、技術更(geng)新，才(cai)(cai)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)少(shao)部分(fen)可(ke)調(diao)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅、振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)壓路機(ji)(ji)。瀝青壓實(shi)一(yi)般(ban)選擇(ze)30HZ-50HZ的(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)0.3mm-0.8mm的(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅能達(da)到較好的(de)壓實(shi)效果，只(zhi)有(you)在碾壓橋面等一(yi)些特殊路段時(shi)，才(cai)(cai)會選擇(ze)高頻(pin)(pin)(pin)低(di)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。
2.3壓路機的操作(zuo)控制(zhi)
無論是壓(ya)路機的任何操(cao)作(zuo)控制(zhi)，首先必須保證操(cao)作(zuo)臺(tai)和座椅固定牢靠的前提下進行，尤其是可移動式操(cao)作(zuo)臺(tai)和座椅。下面就(jiu)以(yi)DynapacCC522振動壓(ya)路機為例，闡述一(yi)下壓(ya)路機的操(cao)作(zuo)控制(zhi)對路面壓(ya)實效果的影響：
壓路(lu)機(ji)的(de)操作控制(zhi)主要有：行走控制(zhi)、轉(zhuan)向控制(zhi)、振動控制(zhi)、噴水量控制(zhi)，以及一些碾壓操作技巧上的(de)控制(zhi)。
2.3.1壓(ya)路機的行走控制
壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)(lu)機的(de)行走控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主要(yao)包括：壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)(lu)機的(de)起(qi)(qi)步(bu)、運行、停車(che)三(san)(san)個方(fang)面，這三(san)(san)個方(fang)面都掌握在(zai)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)手(shou)(shou)一(yi)個控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)手(shou)(shou)柄(bing)（手(shou)(shou)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)換向(xiang)閥）上。所以我們首先要(yao)保證(zheng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)手(shou)(shou)柄(bing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)操(cao)(cao)靈活(huo)且有手(shou)(shou)感，不緊不松(song)。起(qi)(qi)步(bu)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)輕緩，不可起(qi)(qi)步(bu)過(guo)(guo)急(ji)(ji)否則(ze)(ze)驅動輪會形(xing)成向(xiang)后推(tui)(tui)移(yi)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)力(li)，使(shi)松(song)鋪瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)層造成推(tui)(tui)移(yi)現象，影響壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實效果。運行時(shi)(shi)要(yao)保證(zheng)勻速行駛，按(an)照(zhao)施工要(yao)求，初(chu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)一(yi)般控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)1.5m/h-2km/h，復壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)4m/h-5km/h，終(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)2m/h-3km/h。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實過(guo)(guo)程中的(de)瞬間停車(che)不可過(guo)(guo)急(ji)(ji)，否則(ze)(ze)與急(ji)(ji)起(qi)(qi)步(bu)相同會造成松(song)鋪瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)層的(de)推(tui)(tui)移(yi)現象。由于特(te)殊原因，需要(yao)暫停作(zuo)業時(shi)(shi)的(de)停車(che)則(ze)(ze)應把壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)(lu)機停放(fang)在(zai)碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)冷卻(que)的(de)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)混合料(liao)路(lu)(lu)面上，或停放(fang)在(zai)離攤(tan)鋪機50m-100m的(de)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)路(lu)(lu)面上。
2.3.2壓(ya)路機的轉向控制(zhi)
壓(ya)路機在碾(nian)壓(ya)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)變幅時(shi)，必須輕緩流(liu)暢，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)彎(wan)半徑不可(ke)過小，速度不可(ke)過快。否則(ze)，由(you)于轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)時(shi)的(de)慣(guan)性和離(li)心力會造成(cheng)瀝青混合(he)料的(de)擠壓(ya)推移，影(ying)響路面(mian)的(de)壓(ya)實效果。
2.3.3壓路機的振動控制
上面我(wo)們剛闡(chan)述過壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路機(ji)(ji)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)振(zhen)幅、振(zhen)頻(pin)設置，在(zai)碾壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之前(qian)我(wo)們還(huan)要選擇(ze)好振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)模(mo)式：“前(qian)輪(lun)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)/后輪(lun)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)/全輪(lun)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。一(yi)般在(zai)正常(chang)的(de)碾壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程(cheng)中(zhong)都采(cai)用全輪(lun)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式。操作過程(cheng)中(zhong)，我(wo)們主要要控制的(de)是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路機(ji)(ji)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)和關(guan)閉時(shi)刻。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路機(ji)(ji)的(de)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)只有在(zai)進行復壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（主壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)）階(jie)段才會開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)，而且必須(xu)在(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)后開(kai)振(zhen)、提前(qian)關(guan)振(zhen)，切不可原地開(kai)振(zhen)碾壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。隨著技術進步(bu)，許多壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路機(ji)(ji)設置了自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)和關(guan)閉振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)功能(neng)，通過一(yi)“手動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)/自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”轉換開(kai)關(guan)完成，當速度達到某(mou)一(yi)數(shu)值時(shi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)，當速度低(di)于某(mou)一(yi)數(shu)值時(shi)又自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)閉。這(zhe)里例舉的(de)DynapacCC522壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路機(ji)(ji)就(jiu)有此功能(neng)。
2.3.4壓(ya)路機(ji)鋼輪的噴水量控制
首先(xian)要(yao)經常(chang)檢查前后(hou)兩水(shui)箱(xiang)的(de)儲(chu)水(shui)量(liang)，及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)添加。前后(hou)鋼輪上(shang)的(de)兩排(pai)噴(pen)嘴以及濾(lv)網濾(lv)芯(xin)要(yao)經常(chang)檢查清洗，保持清潔。噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)水(shui)量(liang)的(de)大小有操作臺上(shang)的(de)6個(ge)控(kong)制(zhi)檔位(wei)(wei)進(jin)行(xing)選擇，一(yi)般情況(kuang)選擇在(zai)4檔位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)。噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)水(shui)量(liang)過(guo)(guo)大過(guo)(guo)小都不利于壓(ya)(ya)實。過(guo)(guo)大，加快了(le)瀝(li)青(qing)混合(he)料(liao)的(de)冷卻，縮短了(le)碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。過(guo)(guo)小，瀝(li)青(qing)混合(he)料(liao)由于溫度較(jiao)高容易(yi)粘(zhan)輪。噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)系統(tong)的(de)開(kai)啟和關閉(bi)也(ye)設(she)置(zhi)了(le)“手(shou)(shou)動(dong)(dong)/自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)”控(kong)制(zhi)。打開(kai)“手(shou)(shou)動(dong)(dong)”狀態(tai)，系統(tong)立刻開(kai)始(shi)噴(pen)水(shui)，并且(qie)每間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔10秒進(jin)行(xing)一(yi)次噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)，噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為5秒。打到“自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)”狀態(tai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，系統(tong)則在(zai)壓(ya)(ya)路機起步的(de)狀態(tai)下開(kai)始(shi)噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)，停車時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隨(sui)之(zhi)停止。開(kai)啟和間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)與“手(shou)(shou)動(dong)(dong)”時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相同。必須根據碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)需求進(jin)行(xing)選擇。正常(chang)碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，選用“自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)”，剛開(kai)始(shi)碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)或停機時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)較(jiao)長(chang)后(hou)再(zai)進(jin)入碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，則要(yao)先(xian)選擇“手(shou)(shou)動(dong)(dong)”，然后(hou)等(deng)鋼輪全濕后(hou)再(zai)轉為“自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)”。
2.3.5壓(ya)路機的壓(ya)實技巧
隨著壓路(lu)機手(shou)壓實經驗的不斷豐富，以(yi)及碾壓施工技術要(yao)求(qiu)的不斷提高和(he)成(cheng)熟，對(dui)瀝青(qing)路(lu)面壓實提出了(le)更高的要(yao)求(qiu)。
首(shou)先，我們必須按照施工(gong)技術員的(de)施工(gong)方案、壓(ya)(ya)實工(gong)藝進(jin)行碾壓(ya)(ya)，如：碾壓(ya)(ya)速度、壓(ya)(ya)實溫(wen)度和碾壓(ya)(ya)遍數等(deng)，這里我們不(bu)以詳(xiang)細闡述。
  其次，我(wo)們必須保證各壓(ya)路機(ji)的同(tong)步碾壓(ya)，做好碾壓(ya)的一(yi)致性。并(bing)遵守“緊跟穩壓(ya)、由(you)外向(xiang)內、由(you)低往高、先慢后快”的碾壓(ya)原則。同(tong)一(yi)壓(ya)路機(ji)的相鄰碾壓(ya)帶應重疊1/3~1/2輪(lun)寬(kuan)。
路面(mian)邊(bian)緣(yuan)的碾壓(ya)(ya)：碾壓(ya)(ya)有擋板、路緣(yuan)石(shi)、路肩等支擋邊(bian)緣(yuan)時(shi)(shi)，應緊(jin)貼(tie)支擋碾壓(ya)(ya)。碾壓(ya)(ya)無支擋邊(bian)緣(yuan)時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)人工先將(jiang)邊(bian)緣(yuan)混合料稍稍耙高，再(zai)(zai)將(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)路機外則輪伸(shen)出10CM碾壓(ya)(ya)。也可(ke)以(yi)在邊(bian)緣(yuan)先空出30～40CM，待壓(ya)(ya)完第一遍(bian)后(hou)，將(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)路機大部分重量位(wei)于(yu)已壓(ya)(ya)路面(mian)上再(zai)(zai)壓(ya)(ya)邊(bian)緣(yuan)。
施(shi)工(gong)(gong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫的碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)：施(shi)工(gong)(gong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫有橫(heng)(heng)向接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫和縱向接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫，橫(heng)(heng)向施(shi)工(gong)(gong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫一般先(xian)(xian)由人工(gong)(gong)修(xiu)整，耙(pa)熱細料接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫，并(bing)采用先(xian)(xian)橫(heng)(heng)壓(ya)后(hou)縱壓(ya)的方式(shi)碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)。縱向施(shi)工(gong)(gong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫先(xian)(xian)由人工(gong)(gong)修(xiu)整，碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)時必須先(xian)(xian)在已(yi)壓(ya)路(lu)面上碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)新鋪層(ceng)10cm-15cm，然后(hou)碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)新鋪部分(fen)。再伸過已(yi)壓(ya)實路(lu)面10cm-15cm碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)新鋪層(ceng)，充分(fen)將(jiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫壓(ya)實。
壓(ya)(ya)路機的(de)碾壓(ya)(ya)技(ji)巧很(hen)多，必須在(zai)碾壓(ya)(ya)施工中不斷的(de)去摸(mo)索(suo)。只有這(zhe)樣(yang)，我(wo)們才能精益(yi)求精達(da)到(dao)更佳(jia)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)實(shi)效(xiao)果。
3結束語
影響瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)路(lu)面(mian)(mian)壓(ya)實(shi)效(xiao)果的(de)因素很多，關系(xi)到瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)路(lu)面(mian)(mian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)整個(ge)過程(cheng)。但是，只要加強(qiang)現場(chang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)管理，尤其(qi)加強(qiang)壓(ya)路(lu)機的(de)操作控(kong)制(zhi)，抓住施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中的(de)每(mei)一個(ge)細小環節(jie)，解決一切影響壓(ya)實(shi)效(xiao)果的(de)不利因素，并控(kong)制(zhi)好施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中的(de)關鍵技(ji)術指標。選擇精良(liang)的(de)機械設備(bei)、技(ji)術管理人(ren)員及駕操人(ren)員，精心組(zu)織施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，就(jiu)一定能保證瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)路(lu)面(mian)(mian)達到良(liang)好的(de)壓(ya)實(shi)效(xiao)果，提高瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)路(lu)面(mian)(mian)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)性能，提高路(lu)面(mian)(mian)品質，延長使(shi)用(yong)壽命。
